Sodiya, E. F. 1, Olagbende et al. (6 contributing authors)
The components of the solid wastes generated from various units of the soda lime silica glass manufacturing process were investigated. Samples were taken from the wastes generated from cullet and sediments of waste pond of sand treatment plant, also packaging material waste from the cold end (packaging section) classified as domestics. Yield test were carried out on these samples grouped as treatment plants and domestics according to the source to know the amount of both individual and collective components of the sample. The samples contain heterogeneous, materials of different substances. Sand constituents in the domestics sample was 30% and 34% in the sample from cullet treatment. While. Cullet particles was 19% in the domestics and 45% in the sample from its treatment plant. Other materials of dissimilar constituents such as corrugated trays, crown corks, Polythene sheets broke off planks from wooden pallets constitute which are further sorted and discharged as scraps. The solid wastes generated from soda lime silica glass manufacturing process are non-degradable. The sand and cullet particle wastes are used for making concretes for lintels and deckings. Also for earth fill ups in civil construction industries. Other materials that formed past pf the waste of dissimilar constituents to recyclable raw materials were separated and grouped for either recycle or discharge into government-approved dumped site.
Sodiya, E. F., Oshinuga et al. (4 contributing authors)
This research investigated heavy metals contaminants in Mountain Top University (MTU) Lake. The use of the lake for several agricultural purposes particularly fishing necessitated this project as most people in the community patronize the bay for food. It is expected that the contents of the lake will invariably make up the water animals therein. This report examines the physicochemical quality of the Lake. Lammottee spectrophotometer was used to determine the array of metals present in the body of water. The result from the physicochemical analysis reveals the presence of Chromium (Cr) 4.31 ppm, Lead (Pb) 0.04 ppm, Iron (Fe) 0.49 ppm, Copper (Cu) 0.12 ppm, and Manganese (Mn) 0.03 ppm. Out of these five heavy metals analysed, Only Copper and Manganese were below acceptable consumable levels, Iron, Lead and Chromium were above with Chromium at exceeding concentration. This indicated substantial deviation from the recommended or regulatory limit. The high concentration of chromium in particular in the body of the water rendered the lake unfit for agricultural purposes. Chromated water is toxic to the health of living organisms with minimal benefits.
Ojo, Adegboyega Sunday, Kusemiju et al. (8 contributing authors)
River Owo is a polluted water body in Agbara Industrial area an outskirts of Ojo Local Government Area due to the dumps of industrial wastes. The body contains diverse soluble and insoluble both of organic and inorganic compounds as well as living organism such as benthic macroinvertebrate fauna. This research work is an intensive studies carried out on constituents of river and compared with Iba stream of no active polluting activities in the same Local Government as a control. Water and macro invertebrate samples were taken from the two sites. Physicochemical and heavy metals analysis were carried out on the water using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The invertebrates were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. I nvestigations revealed that the water body is slightly acidic with pH of 5.5 to 6.5. It hardness have been mild due to the impact of the constituents that have softened it to extents of about 88mgL -1 . Sulphate level of range 0.07 to.09mgL-1 is significantly low. These physicochemical factors did not contribute adversely to the two water bodies. However, high BOD of 340 to 357 above the limit 30 indicated that the pollution of River Owo mainly comes from organics waste dumps. Decapods such as Palaemonetes sp and amphipods which are common to polluted environment are found in River Owo. The abundance of various forms of insects of which dragon fly nymph Palemonetes sp were most in population are found around River Owo. Therefore River Owo is mainly being polluted with organics substances. However both Physicochemcal parameters and Benthic studies Iba stream indicated that it is free of pollution. This could have been due to the disallowed dumps of domestics and industrial wastes were not allowed into the stream.
Physiochemical analysismacro invertebrateseffluentsMollusksPaloemonestes species
The enhancement of corrosion inhibition of galvanised steel by synergised leave extracts of Sida acuta (S.A.) and Jatropha curcas (J.C.) in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated using the gasometric technique at 30 oC and 50 oC. Results obtained showed that complimenting plant extracts with galvanisation of steel enhanced the inhibition of Zinc in the protection of steel. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the O-H functional group of alcohol at 3851 and 3436 cm-1 band. Surface morphology of the steel, synergised were studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Analysis revealed the protection of the internal grains of the metal from dissolution into corrodents provided by the adsorbed film the extract. Inhibition efficiency improved from 57.57 % to 95.45 %, corrosion rate 0.454 cm3 /hr to 0.093 cm3 /hr for zinc-coated steel only to extract enhanced-zinc coated steel. Langmuir isotherm best explained the adsorption mechanism of extract of zinc surface. Zinc coated steel has a half-life less than 0.04531539 x 1010 minutes, while effective enhancement of Zinc coated steel with extract gave a half-life of 0.075132088 x 1010 minutes. This implies that the enhancement of galvanised (Zinc coated) steel with synergised extract improved the inhibitory characteristics of the composites over that of zinc coat alone, which corrodes in place of steel.
The synergistic effect of combining both Sida acuta (SA) and Jatropha curcas (JC) leaf extracts on steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated using gasometric and conventional o o weight loss technique at 30 C and 50 C. Surface microscture of the steel with the mixed extract werestudied through Scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Electron dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDX) which revealed how the inhibitor hindered the attack of acid on the microstructures thereby preventing its dissolution into the corrodent. The presence of C=O -1 functional band at 1094 cm of ester was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. o o Synergism Parameter(S1) was at optimum at 2.09 and 2.65 at 30 C and 50 C respectively on steel pipe. This implies that synergism is favoured with increasein temperature. S1 greater than 1 confirmed that the mixture of the two plants produced synergised inhibitive effect. The inhibitory power increases with increase in extract concentration. Inhibition Efficiency -3 rangesfrom 60 % to 85 % with increasein extractconcentration of SAalonefrom 0.1 gdm to -3 o 1.0 gdm . When synergisedwith JC, itrangesfrom 77 % to 93 % for SA at 30 C forthesame concentration increase. Results obtained showed that thesynergeticeffects of the plantsextract complimented carbon constituent of the steel to enhanced the corrosion inhibition potential synergized plantextracts overunsynergized onthe steel.
The enhancement of corrosion inhibition of galvanised steel by synergised leave extracts of Sida acuta (S.A.) and Jatropha curcas (J.C.) in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated using the gasometric technique at 30 oC and 50 oC.
Complementary meals were formulated from quality protein maize, soybean protein concentrate and cassava starch in the ratio 72:18.94:9.06 respectively. The flour blend was extruded to give three meals by varying three extrusion conditions...
Extrusion cookingprotein qualitynutritional assessmentin vivo digestibilityhaematology
