Ifedayo A. Olusola, Olusegun G. Lala, Adebayo Aroyehun et al. (4 contributing authors)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, demanding innovative approaches for effective clinical management and medication administration. This study presents an intelligent model designed to support drug administration in patients with CHD using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), structured clinical workflows, and stakeholder-informed system requirements. Data for model development were obtained using structured interviews with cardiologists, pharmacists, and administrative personnel from UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo, State. In addition, a merged heart disease dataset from Kaggle containing 1,190 instances and 11 clinically relevant features. Preprocessing procedures including data cleaning, feature selection, normalization, and categorical encoding were performed on the acquired data. The proposed system was designed using UML tools to model workflows, class interactions, and user roles, ensuring alignment with real-world clinical processes. The ANN model was developed and integrated into a functional clinical information system using Node.js, Flutter, and RESTful API communication. Performance evaluation revealed that the implemented model demonstrated strong potential for improving drug administration accuracy, enhancing clinical decision-making, and streamlining pharmaceutical operations. The integrated MedAd4CHD platform further ensures secure data flow, real-time patient information access, and end-to-end medication lifecycle management. This study provides a practical, scalable framework for intelligent CHD medication administration and establishes a foundation for future clinical validation.
Coronary Heart DiseaseIntelligent Drug AdministrationClinical Decision Support SystemHealthcare AutomationMachine Learning in Medicine
Osinubi D. Adejoke, Lawal O. Elizabeth, Anselm H. Oluwaseun et al. (5 contributing authors)
Typhoid fever is a prevalent ailment around the globe, especially in developing countries like Africa and Asia. Majority of people in this region depend on herbs for treatment. Concerns have, however, been raised regarding herbal contamination from potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This study analysed the concentration of five potentially toxic elements, Cu, Cd, Fe, Pd, and Zn in eight commonly used anti-typhoid medicinal plants in Ijagun, Ogun State. Their associated health risk was also assessed. The concentration of the metals was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and their health risk was assessed using estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) calculations. Fe was the most abundant element in the plant, with M. indica containing the highest concentration (81.01 mg/kg), while cadmium had the lowest concentration in all samples analysed. The health risk assessment showed that all the plant samples screened had HI values <1 (0.0111 to 0.0498), indicating no significant health risks associated with their use as alternative medicine. The varying HI values, however, suggest different safety margins among the plants. The findings of this work provide a reassurance of the general safety of the selected anti-typhoid plants, however, continuous monitoring of the PTE concentration in medicinal plants is required to prevent heath implication due to bioaccumulation from long-term exposure.
Nigerian correctional facilities rely on inefficient manual record-keeping processes, hindering effective prisoner information management and inter-agency coordination. This study aims to develop a comprehensive, centralized, web-based Prison Management System (PMS) to modernize and streamline operations in Nigerian correctional centers. The research employed a multifaceted data collection approach, including interviews, observations, and form evaluations. System development utilized the Incremental Model, incorporating MySQL, PHP, and JavaWeb technologies. The proposed PMS introduces a unified platform consolidating prisoner profiles, including demographic details, biometric data, parole status, visitor records, and departure logs. The system enables remote access, real-time information exchange, and intelligent administration through cloud computing integration. This digital transformation promises to elevate the Nigerian correctional system's efficiency, accountability, and inter-agency coordination, contributing to a more effective and secure justice framework.
Odusina, B. O., Oyeyemi et al. (13 contributing authors)
Olax manii stems were collected in Ikire, Osun State, Nigeria. Using the hydrodistillation process, essential oil was extracted from the stem of Olax manii. To ascertain the chemical composition of the essential oil, Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) technique analysis was employed. Using doses ranging from 100 to 25 µg/ml, the antioxidant properties of the essential oil were examined using the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1 picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity method. The results of the Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that the main chemical constituents were squalene (6.18 %), amyrone (4.49%), and neophytadiene (4.22 %). The minor constituents were identified as limonene (0.23 %), caryophyllene (0.31 %) and phytol (1.62 %). The essential oil radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 mg/ml was compared to the standard ascorbic acid at the same concentration and it revealed that the essential oil exhibited a significant percentage radical scavenging activity of 78.52 %. The percentage radical scavenging activities increased with increase in concentrations of the essential oil. The Essential oil constituents which possess antioxidant activities could be responsible for the antioxidant activities and ethnomedicinal uses of Olax manii.
Balogun, Oluwatimilehin B.1, and Osazuwa Isaac B.2
Physical geodetic survey of the Nigeria landmass was undertaken with the aim of furnishing engineers and scientists with vital geodetic information which have not been adequately available but required for the development of a standard national economic framework. The basic data used for the study were the absolute gravity field values, and the recorded coordinates and elevations at the Primary Gravity Network of Nigeria (PGNN) base stations. The absolute gravity data were processed using the appropriate mathematical and computational procedures to deduce geodetic information which include geoid undulation, height above the geoid, deflections of the vertical, distance from the earth’s centre of mass to the reference ellipsoid and geoid, and the gravity potential value at the geoid. Comparison was also made between the WGS’84 and the geoid in the study area. Geoid undulations were found to range from 16.53 to 28.35 m and the deflections of the vertical ranged between 0.738685 to 10.28328 arc second. Height above the topography ranged from -16.38 m in Warri to +1257.13 in Jos. The distance from the earth’s centre of mass to the WGS’84 reference ellipsoidal surface was maximum at Oron (6377988.04 m) and least at Illela (6376941.31 m). Similarly, the distance from the earth’s centre of mass to the geoid was also maximum at Oron (6378008.39 m) and minimum in Illela (6376961.659 m). The interpolation of the distances from the earth’s centre of mass to the spheroidal surface at each base station gave the definition of the WGS’84 ellipsoid over the continental Nigeria landmass while the interpolation of the distances from the earth’s centre of mass to the geoidal surface gave the definition of the geoid over the continental Nigeria landmass. The average gravity potential at the geoid was evaluated as 62375050.41 m 2 s -2 . The geoid over the continental Nigeria landmass was found to be comparably smooth as the WGS’84 ellipsoid over the region though they differ in terms of vertical separation. The quantitative difference in mGal corresponding to the vertical separation between the WGS’84 reference ellipsoid and the geoid was computed as 6.8042 mGal. The values of the deflections of the vertical at each station of the PGNN gave the angular correction to be applied when combining satellite-based ellipsoidal measurements and geoid-based physical geodetic measurement. Based on the significant range of the deflections of the vertical across the continental area of Nigeria, it was concluded that the physical structure of the lithosphere beneath the study area must be highly complex and heterogeneous.
Physical geodetic survey Primary Gravity Network of Nigeria (PGNN)geoid undulationsdeflections of the vertical
Kolawole, I. O., Ebuehi et al. (10 contributing authors)
Alafia barteri is valued for its effectiveness in the traditional medicine system in Nigeria and other African countries. This study aims at evaluating the hypolipidemic effect of the aqueous and ethanol leaf and root extracts of Alafia barteri in formaldehyde-induced arthritic mice. 77 healthy Swiss albino male mice (30-35 g) were randomized into eleven groups of five mice each and extracts were administered for 10 days at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Arthritis was induced by sub-plantar injection of 0.1 mL of 2 % formaldehyde. Serum lipid profile was evaluated after blood sample collection. Results of this study revealed that the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts caused significant reduction(p˂0.05) in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, but increased HDL-cholesterol levels compared to the arthritic control which is suggestive of their hypo-lipidemic effects in arthritic mice.
Ehinlafa, O. E., Johnson et al. (10 contributing authors)
The F2 region critical frequency ( f o F2 ) and peak electron density ( N m F2 ) morphology was investigated over Ilorin (latitude 8.31°N, longitude 4.34°E) during a Low Solar Epochs (LSE), a station along the equator anomaly trough. Diurnally, f o F2 and N m F2 are visibly more prominent during the day than at night with two characteristic peaks: pre-noon and post-noon peaks. The f o F2 and N m F2 pre-noon peak magnitude range: (7.7–8.3 MHz) and (7.3–8.6) × 10 11 /m -3 respectively is less compared to the f o F2 and N m F2 post-noon peak magnitude range: (7.3–9.7 MHz) and (6.7–11.7) ×10 11 /m -3 respectively. Seasonally, the highest values were attained during the post-noon peak in the equinoctial months compared to the solstices months, and also, annually, the post-noon peak is higher than the pre-noon peak. The rapid electron drift away from the equator is responsible for the sharp drop in f o F2 and N m F2 after sunset in all seasons. Seasonal peaks in f o F2 and N m F2 are suspected to be controlled by the enhanced E × B drifts and the onset and turn-off of solar ionization, which is consistent with some earlier results obtained at some stations in the African region during low solar epoch periods.
Egwu, H. A., Yilwa et al. (14 contributing authors)
Hyptis suaveolens , an aromatic plant commonly called Daddoya-ta-daji in Hausa language, is traditionally used as medicine and food. It is used as stimulant, antirheumatic, carminative, against parasitic diseases, headaches, infection of the uterus, stomach, and skin diseases. It is found growing in both oil polluted and non-oil polluted environment. Oil pollution of land is a challenge due to the presence of heavy metals and volatile organic compounds which are harmful to crops and plants. This study investigated the phytoconstituents of the methanol leaf extract as well as antimicrobial activities of Hyptis suaveolens collected from polluted and unpolluted sites. Methanol leaf extracts of H. suaveolens were screened for crucial phytochemicals using standard methods. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar disc-diffusion method by Yahaya et al . (2018), using Mueller Hinton agar medium and potatoes dextrose agar in petri plates seeded with clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp, Staphylococcus aureus (bacteria), Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger (fungi) respectively, and the zone of inhibition determined. The phytochemical results showed that methanol extract of both the polluted and non-polluted H. suaveolens leaves exhibited the presence of some number of bioactive compounds. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of polluted and non-polluted leaves of H. suaveolens identified 13 and 21 compounds, respectively such as Octadec-9-enoic acid, 2-Ethylacridine, Methyl ester, Tetracyclo [4.4.1.1(7,10).0(2,5)] dodec-3-en-11-ol, 1,2-Diphenyl-1-isocyanoethane and 7-Isopropyl-1, 1, 4a-trimethy l-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10 aocta -hydrophenanthrene. These chemical compounds are considered biologically and pharmacologically important. The results from assessment of the antimicrobial potential of H. suaveolens (L.) on pathogenic microorganisms showed that the pathogenic microorganisms revealed inhibition zones ranging from 6 to 18 mm. This data indicates that the unpolluted methanol extract of H. Suaveolens exhibits a higher bioactive potential compared to the extract derived from polluted leaves. This disparity suggests that oil pollution may have a detrimental impact on the biochemical properties of the plant.
Ajayi, Olulope Olufemi, Okhani et al. (4 contributing authors)
A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is a new adiposity metric that has been linked with chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, type 2, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer risk in some studies. ABSI is an anthropometric index that takes into account waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and height. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of ABSI with clinical and biochemical indices in undergraduates. This cross-sectional study involved 97 undergraduate students of Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria (16–26 years old). They comprised 65 females and 32 males. Information on socio-demography was obtained from administered semi-pretest questionnaire. Anthropometric indices; body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and mid-upper arm circumference were determined using standard methods. BMI, ABSI, waist hip ratio and waist height ratio were calculated. Blood pressure, pulse rate, pulse pressure, saturation of peripheral oxygen (SPO 2 ), and body composition including lean body mass, body water, metabolism and so on. as well as plasma glucose and total cholesterol were determined by standard methods. Age, body weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, systolic blood pressure, lean body mass, metabolism were significantly higher in males, while body age, SPO 2 and fat were significantly higher in females than males (p<0.05). ABSI positively correlated with height, waist circumference, pulse rate, visceral fat, metabolism, and lean body mass (p<0.05). Observations in this study show that ABSI could be a good index of assessing abdominal obesity, hence, its recommendation for obesity screening in studies is suggested.
A body shape indexBiochemical indicesBody mass indexClinical indicesObesity
Omojoyegbe, R. T., Olatunji et al. (8 contributing authors)
The rise in the incidence of side effects of many synthetic antimicrobial agents and prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria has spurred scientists on the research for plant based antimicrobial of therapeutic potentials. Ocimum gratissimum L. presents such potential of high medicinal value. This plant is used in Nigeria traditionally as condiments and for treatment of various ailments. This study is aimed to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial property of ethanol and aqueous extracts of O. gratissimum L . leaves. Phytochemical screening of the leave extracts confirmed the presence of Steroid, Tannins, Flavonoid, Terpenoid, Alkaloid, Saponin and Phlobatannis. Ethanol and aqueous extracts were obtained from the powdered leaves of O. gratissimum using ethanol and distilled water respectively. These were later filtered and the filtrates were concentrated in water bath at 50 o C. Mueller-Hinton agar was used for the antibacterial susceptibility using the agar well diffusion method. For ethanol extract, all the isolates were susceptible at 0.2g/mL, 0.1g/mL and 0.05g/mL concentrations. However, for aqueous extract, all the isolates were resistant at 0.05g/ml and 0.025g/ml but at 0.2g/ml concentration all the isolates were susceptible. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant at 0.1g/ml, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus which were susceptible with a diameter 15mm, and 14mm respectively. Ciprofloxacin used as positive control also inhibited the growth of the bacterial isolates with the diameter of zone of 25mm. Results obtained from this study showed that the extracts of Ocimum gratissimum L. has antibacterial activities against the selected gastrointestinal tract pathogenic bacteria and also possess some bioactive compounds.
Ojo, Adegboyega Sunday, Kusemiju et al. (8 contributing authors)
River Owo is a polluted water body in Agbara Industrial area an outskirts of Ojo Local Government Area due to the dumps of industrial wastes. The body contains diverse soluble and insoluble both of organic and inorganic compounds as well as living organism such as benthic macroinvertebrate fauna. This research work is an intensive studies carried out on constituents of river and compared with Iba stream of no active polluting activities in the same Local Government as a control. Water and macro invertebrate samples were taken from the two sites. Physicochemical and heavy metals analysis were carried out on the water using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The invertebrates were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. I nvestigations revealed that the water body is slightly acidic with pH of 5.5 to 6.5. It hardness have been mild due to the impact of the constituents that have softened it to extents of about 88mgL -1 . Sulphate level of range 0.07 to.09mgL-1 is significantly low. These physicochemical factors did not contribute adversely to the two water bodies. However, high BOD of 340 to 357 above the limit 30 indicated that the pollution of River Owo mainly comes from organics waste dumps. Decapods such as Palaemonetes sp and amphipods which are common to polluted environment are found in River Owo. The abundance of various forms of insects of which dragon fly nymph Palemonetes sp were most in population are found around River Owo. Therefore River Owo is mainly being polluted with organics substances. However both Physicochemcal parameters and Benthic studies Iba stream indicated that it is free of pollution. This could have been due to the disallowed dumps of domestics and industrial wastes were not allowed into the stream.
Physiochemical analysismacro invertebrateseffluentsMollusksPaloemonestes species
Housing tenure is the financial arrangement under which the household occupies all or part of a housing unit. Housing affordability from time immemorial has been a major concern in developed and developing world which is hinged on man's welfare and productivity. This study investigates the factors that determine the choice of housing tenure in Old Bodija Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Questionnaire was developed based on variables such as types of residential properties, housing tenure and factors determining types of housing tenure. Questionnaire was administered to 178 respondents within 11streets consisting of residential properties in the studied area. 150 questionnaire were retrieved representing 84%. Descriptive and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques were applied to define the preference factors that determine the choice of housing tenure in the studied area. The result through ANOVA technique revealed that the educational background of the occupiers, capacity of rent demanded, security of the environment and the nature of the location are the preference factors that determine the choice of housing tenure in the studied area. Personal observation and interview made with the respondents confirmed that the land price, housing satisfaction and housing preference are the most significant factors. The study recommends that housing need should be met and enhanced by promoting security, government should focus on regularization schemes, provide incentives to families to invest in their homes and communities and also provide locations with infrastructures vis a vis health care services and schools in the study area.
