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    Explore 52 peer-reviewed articles across the MTU journal network.

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    12 of 34 articles

    MTUSep 20, 2025

    Nutritional and Pasting Properties of Enriched High-Quality Bread from Sweet-Potato Flour Spiced with Ginger

    Omolola M. Omosebi, Samuel S. Sobowale, Joshua O. Fiola et al. (4 contributing authors)

    The rising demand for functional and nutritionally enhanced baked products has driven increased research into composite flour technology. This study developed and evaluated high-quality composite flour and bread from sweet potato-wheat flour incorporated with ginger powder, aiming to enhance the nutritional, sensory, and physicochemical properties. Composite flours were prepared by substituting sweet potato flour at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 30% (WH100, WH95, WH90, WH85, and WH70, respectively) and incorporating 1% ginger powder. The flours were analysed for pasting properties using the Rapid Visco Analyzer, while the bread samples were analysed for proximate composition, pH, and sensory attributes using standard methods. Result showed that protein content was highest in WH100 (15.45%) but declined with an increase in sweet potato inclusion, whereas fibre content improved, reaching 1.27% in WH70. Carbohydrate content also increased, with WH70 recording the highest value (73.13%). pH values ranged from 6.61 in WH70 to 7.23 in WH90, indicating reduced acidity at moderate substitution levels. Pasting results showed that peak viscosity increased with sweet potato addition, highest in WH70 (1564 RVU), although higher substitution also led to greater breakdown viscosity, suggesting reduced paste stability. Sensory evaluation revealed that WH70 achieved the highest overall acceptability among composite breads, closely aligning with the control WH 100, while WH95–WH85 scored lower. These findings suggest that WH70, with sweet potato flour at 30% substitution, in combination with 1% ginger powder, can be incorporated into wheat-based bread to enhance fibre content and functional properties while maintaining desirable sensory quality.                                                                                                                         
    Functional FoodsComposite FlourGingerBreadNutritional Enhancement.
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    MTUJul 21, 2025

    Protein Quality, Beta-Carotene Contents, and Sensory Properties of Maize-Based Snack Enriched with African Yam Bean Seed Flour

    Idowu Atinuke Olamide, Sobowale Sunday Samuel and Fagbemi Tayo Nathaniel

    Maize-based snacks are deficient in protein and vitamin A, which can be enriched using value-added processes to incorporate appropriate food ingredients such as African yam bean seed flour (AYBSF). African yam bean seed is a nutrient-dense, but underutilised crop. This study was designed to investigate some quality attributes of maize-based snacks enriched with AYBSF, and its application as functional food ingredients. The maize variety containing carotenoids was chosen to produce maize flour (MF), and enriched with AYBSF to produce snacks (Kokoro) at various substituted ratios MF/AYBSF (100:0, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40) using Box Behnken experimental design. Carotenoid contents, trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), in vivo protein quality and sensory attributes of the samples were determined. The carotenoids contents of the flour blends showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in lutein (7.20-5.11µg/g), zeaxanthin (10.36-6.06 µg/g), β-cryptoxanthin (1.83-1.13 µg/g), α-carotene (0.36-0.21 µg/g) and β-carotene (1.84-0.92 µg/g) as the percentage of AYBSF increased in the flour blends. The TIA was not detected in 100% MF, but TIA increased in the flour blends with the increasing percentage of AYBSF, which reduced significantly during the processing of the flour blends into Kokoro. The protein availability in Kokoro depicted no significant (p>0.05) difference from the standard casein diet, which implies that the developed snack compares well with standard casein. This study shows that enriching maize-based snacks with AYBSF is a good prospect which could be useful in advising nutritional programs, especially for school-aged children. Kokoro enriched with AYBSF could be preferred to the commonly consumed carbohydrate-based snacks.
    MaizeAfrican yam bean flourKokoroNutritional qualityTrypsin inhibitor activity
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    MTUComplete IssueDec 1, 2024

    Journal of Educational Studies and Development - Volume 3 Number 2 (Complete Issue)

    YUSUF SULEIMAN, AJAPE RASHEEDAT OLADUNNI, ALAO MONSURAT IYABO et al. (25 contributing authors)

    Official complete volume edition for Journal of Educational Studies and Development (JESD), Volume 3 Number 2. Full text and all collected peer-reviewed articles are published and available in the attached issue compendium PDF.
    JESDEducational StudiesDevelopmentVolume 3Issue 2
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    MTUOct 24, 2024

    Comparing XGBoost and LSTM Models for Prediction of Microsoft Corp's Stock Price Direction

    Osaigbokan Peter Uhunmwangho

    This study investigates the effectiveness of XGBoost and LSTM models in predicting the directional changes in Microsoft stock price using incremental values to mitigate inaccuracies in Directional Accuracy Percentage (DAP) evaluations. A twenty-three-year Microsoft stock prices dataset from Yahoo Finance spanning January 1st, 2000, to December 31st, 2023 is utilized, the dataset is scaled, and technical indicators are computed. Both models are trained on the extracted features to predict directional changes, evaluated using the Directional Accuracy Percentage (DAP). The XGBoost model achieves an accuracy metric value of 71.02%, whereas LSTM ranges from 62.42% to 67.10%. A Mann-Whitney U test confirms a significant difference in predictive performance, favouring XGBoost. This finding suggests XGBoost as a more effective tool for short-term decision-making in stock trading, underlining its potential to improve the predictive accuracy in financial forecasting and advancing predictive modelling research.
    XGBoostLSTMMicrosoft stock pricesDirectional Accuracy Percentage (DAP).
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    MTUOct 11, 2024

    Optimizing Zinc Sulphide Thin Films for Solar Cells: Effects of Annealing and Substrate Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties

    Kayode Seun Adedayo, Seyi Abiodun Sonloye, Samson Ibukun Akinsola et al. (6 contributing authors)

    Using the spray pyrolysis method, Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films were deposited on microscope glass slides at different substrate temperatures. Zinc acetate and thiourea were used as the precursor to prepare the ZnS films. The substrate temperature were respectively  set at 300   o C and 350  o C for the samples under investigation. The annealing temperature for the prepared film is 400  0 C. The films range in thickness from 4.42 to 29.7 µm. The impacts of both substrate and annealing temperature on the optical and structural properties of ZnS were investigated via the UV-visible spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses respectively. The results revealed that the grain size of ZnS films varied from 20.74 nm to 28.70 nm as substrate temperature increased from 300  o C to 350  o C. The films also possessed a polycrystalline cubic structure with (111) preferential orientation. The ZnS films showed more than 20 to 25 % transparency in the near-infrared and visible spectrums. The refractive index falls between 3.04 and 3.07. The energy band gaps of prepared films decreases from 3.35 eV to 2.80 eV with increasing substrate temperature, as estimated from the optical analysis for the ZnS. The obtained properties show a suitably fit material as window layer in a thin film solar cell and some other optoelectronic applications. 
    AnnealingSpray PyrolysisZinc SulphideSolar CellSubstrate Temperature
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    MTUAug 5, 2024

    Nondegradable Waste Discharges from Soda Lime Silica Glass Manufacturing Process

    Sodiya, E. F. 1, Olagbende et al. (6 contributing authors)

    The components of the solid wastes generated from various units of the soda lime silica glass manufacturing process were investigated. Samples were taken from the wastes generated from cullet and sediments of waste pond of sand treatment plant, also packaging material waste from the cold end (packaging section) classified as domestics. Yield test were carried out on these samples grouped as treatment plants and domestics according to the source to know the amount of both individual and collective components of the sample. The samples contain heterogeneous, materials of different substances. Sand constituents in the domestics sample was 30% and 34% in the sample from cullet treatment. While. Cullet particles was 19% in the domestics and 45% in the sample from its treatment plant. Other materials of dissimilar constituents such as corrugated trays, crown corks, Polythene sheets broke off planks from wooden pallets constitute which are further sorted and discharged as scraps. The solid wastes generated from soda lime silica glass manufacturing process are non-degradable. The sand and cullet particle wastes are used for making concretes for lintels and deckings. Also for earth fill ups in civil construction industries. Other materials that formed past pf the waste of dissimilar constituents to recyclable raw materials were separated and grouped for either recycle or discharge into government-approved dumped site.
    SandGlass particlesCulletSolid wastenon-degradable
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    MTUAug 5, 2024

    Unveiling the Risks: Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Components in Skin Lightening Creams

    Ajayi, Olulope Olufemi, Akerele et al. (4 contributing authors)

    Skin lightening is a widespread cosmetic practice that involves the use of chemical compounds to alter skin tone, often with the aim of achieving a lighter complexion. Despite its popularity, there is growing concern about the potential health risks associated with skin bleaching products, particularly their effects on the endocrine system. This narrative article explores the complex relationship between skin bleaching components and their impact on endocrine function, shedding light on a critical yet often overlooked aspect of this controversial practice. The findings in this study suggest that the endocrine disrupting effects of skin lightening components extend beyond localized skin reactions to systemic disturbances in hormone regulation. Therefore, the use of skin lightening creams should be approached with caution. Regulatory measures are also urgently needed to restrict the use of harmful ingredients in cosmetic products and promote safer alternatives. Healthcare providers play a vital role in educating the public about the risks of skin lightening and advocating for stricter regulations to protect consumer health. Addressing the endocrine disrupting effects of skin bleaching components is crucial for safeguarding the wellbeing of individuals and communities worldwide.
    Endocrine disruptorsSkin bleachingHydroquinonecorticosteroidsalpha hydroxyl acids
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    MTUAug 5, 2024

    Assessment of Heavy metals contaminants in Mountain Top University Lake

    Sodiya, E. F., Oshinuga et al. (4 contributing authors)

    This research investigated heavy metals contaminants in Mountain Top University (MTU) Lake. The use of the lake for several agricultural purposes particularly fishing necessitated this project as most people in the community patronize the bay for food. It is expected that the contents of the lake will invariably make up the water animals therein. This report examines the physicochemical quality of the Lake. Lammottee spectrophotometer was used to determine the array of metals present in the body of water. The result from the physicochemical analysis reveals the presence of Chromium (Cr) 4.31 ppm, Lead (Pb) 0.04 ppm, Iron (Fe) 0.49 ppm, Copper (Cu) 0.12 ppm, and Manganese (Mn) 0.03 ppm. Out of these five heavy metals analysed, Only Copper and Manganese were below acceptable consumable levels, Iron, Lead and Chromium were above with Chromium at exceeding concentration. This indicated substantial deviation from the recommended or regulatory limit. The high concentration of chromium in particular in the body of the water rendered the lake unfit for agricultural purposes. Chromated water is toxic to the health of living organisms with minimal benefits.
    LakeChromiumHeavy metalsPhysicochemical analysisToxicity
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    MTUApr 8, 2024

    Variability of Ionospheric F2 region critical frequency (foF2) for a low latitude station

    Ehinlafa, O. E., Abdulsalam et al. (13 contributing authors)

    In this study,  f o F2  variability diurnally, seasonally and annually was investigated during a Low Solar Epoch (LSE) over Ilorin (latitude 8.31°N, longitude 4.34°E, dip latitude 2.95 o ), a low latitude station along the equatorial anomaly trough. The percentage variability index () was used for the analysis. The percentage variability index () is lowest during the day (2-17%); increases during night to (8-55%); and attained the highest magnitude during pre-sunrise phase (17-68%), for the period of LSE. Two major peaks were noticed in  V R : the pre-sunrise peak, which is higher, and the post-sunset peak. Annually,    peaks at 44% for the pre-sunrise phase, and 37% for the post-sunset phase, during the LSE. The rapid electron drift away from the equator coincides with subsequent rise in the percentage variability index immediately after sunset for all the seasons.
    Critical frequency (foF2)Variability&nbspindex&nbsp()&nbsp
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    MTUApr 8, 2024

    Chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from stem of Olax manii

    Odusina, B. O., Oyeyemi et al. (13 contributing authors)

    Olax manii  stems were collected in Ikire, Osun State, Nigeria. Using the hydrodistillation process, essential oil was extracted from the stem of  Olax manii.  To ascertain the chemical composition of the essential oil, Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) technique analysis was employed. Using doses ranging from 100 to 25 µg/ml, the antioxidant properties of the essential oil were examined using the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1 picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity method. The results of the Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that the main chemical constituents were squalene (6.18 %), amyrone (4.49%), and neophytadiene (4.22 %). The minor constituents were identified as limonene (0.23 %), caryophyllene (0.31 %) and phytol (1.62 %). The essential oil radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 mg/ml was compared to the standard ascorbic acid at the same concentration and it revealed that the essential oil exhibited a significant percentage radical scavenging activity of 78.52 %. The percentage radical scavenging activities increased with increase in concentrations of the essential oil. The Essential oil constituents which possess antioxidant activities could be responsible for the antioxidant activities and ethnomedicinal uses of  Olax manii.
    Essential oilAntioxidant Constituents&nbspDPPH&nbsp
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    MTUApr 8, 2024

    Analysis of selected machine learning algorithms for development of face recognition system for access control in the post COVID-19 era

    Oguntunde, B. O., Ologunye et al. (7 contributing authors)

    The mandatory wearing of face masks orchestrated by the COVID-19 pandemic has brought some complexities to the ability of face recognition systems in identifying such faces. Thus, this study examined the performance of some selected machine learning algorithms: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB) and Decision Tree (DT) for the recognition of masked and unmasked human faces; and developed a face recognition system based on the algorithm with the best performance. The dataset was composed of 11,792 masked and unmasked facial images collected from Kaggle online repository. The set was divided into 70%, 20% and 10% respectively for training, testing and validation each for the masked and the unmasked face images. The images were augmented randomly for training, with some rotated 30 degree, some zoomed 20%, some shifted horizontally by 10% in width, some shifted vertically by 10% in height and some flipped horizontally. The performance analysis of the algorithms presented accuracies of 99% and 99% for the CNN; 93% and 98% for LDA; 93% and 93% for LR; 86% and 78% for the NB; 70% and 70% for the KNN; 64% and 45% for the DT; and 92% and 98% for the SVM respectively for training and cross validation. Overall, the CNN recorded the highest recognition accuracy. Thus, a CNN user-friendly face recognition, system was developed, and tested with a number of real-life human masked and unmasked faces which showed excellent recognition performance. The implementation was carried out with appropriate Python machine libraries. The developed system could be very useful for access control and surveillance. Therefore, this study recommends the adoption of the developed systems for face recognition-based security system. 
    MaskedUnmaskedFace RecognitionMachine LearningCOVID-19 Pandemic
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    MTUApr 8, 2024

    Implementation of an automated control system for home appliances using bluetooth and smart phone

    Ogbeide, Joseph O. Oliyide Rilwan O.

    This paper presents an implementation of a home automation system using smart phone Bluetooth with Arduino for the switching and control of home appliances. It aimed at reducing stress for the physically challenged, elderly, and younger children with an easy control of the home appliances and likewise reduction of risk of electrocution from the source of control. With this automated control unit, users can comfortably operate their electrical installations or appliances from distances ranging from 30 m to 100 m away from the point of control using smart phone. The control unit comprises a four-channel relay module, an Arduino Uno board (AUB) based on the ATmega328 microcontroller, an HC-05 Bluetooth module, and a manual backup switch or alternative. The central processing unit is the Arduino Uno board to which every other component is connected. The Load (devices/appliances) to be controlled or operated is connected to the Arduino Uno board (AUB) via the relay. The Arduino board is programmed using the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), with instructions that controls other units of the circuits. An Arduino Bluetooth controller is installed on the phone, to be used as a remote controller and to enable communication interface between the phone and the Arduino based control unit. In other words, the Bluetooth module connected to the Arduino board receives signals and/or instructions through phone Bluetooth via controller installed on the phone. An LCD (led crystal display) is used as display output of information uploaded on the Arduino Uno board to know the working state of the circuit. It was found that the automated control unit is of great benefit to users in terms of convenience in operating their appliances, including the elderly, and physically challenged people as it reduces their stress and difficulty in moving from point to point in order to control their home lightings and appliances.
    Home automationArduinoBluetoothsmart&nbspphone
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